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Is it possible to reduce the number of steps while maintaining the same high bond strength?
Some new universal adhesives are single-step systems, but still have bond strengths as high as multi
“Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Adhesives”? What does this mean and why is it important in the development of adhesives?
Hydrophilic means having a strong affinity to water, while hydrophobic means having little or no aff
Does the water content matter in an adhesive? and why?
Unlike solvents like acetone or ethanol, water is difficult to remove during application. Residual w
Do you believe that self-etch on dentin is as good and durable as total-etch on dentin?
Yes, depending on the adhesive formulation, self-etch on dentin can be as good and durable or even b
How do you differentiate 7th generation adhesives from Universal adhesives?
7th generation adhesives can only be used in self-etch mode and are more hydrophilic, while Universa
Are 1-layer adhesives good enough?
Traditional one-layer adhesives were permeable, which may have caused sensitivity, faster degradatio
Why do some universal adhesives require a separate self- or dual-cure activator?
Most Universal Adhesives contain an excessive amount of water and remain acidic, even after solvent
Can self-etch adhesives etch enamel?
Mildly acidic self-etch adhesives (pH > 2.0) do not effectively etch uncut enamel, and should be
Do I need to bond before placing TheraCal LC?
Bonding is not required or recommended before placement of TheraCal LC on dentin. The placement of a
Prior to bonding, should an antimicrobial agent be used on the dentin, and does that vary by different generations of bonding systems?
Yes, dentin should always be cleaned prior to bonding.If using an Total Etch (Etch-and-Rinse) adhesi
What is Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) and when should it be used?
IDS (Immediate Dentin Sealing) is when you seal the dentin with an adhesive at preparation for indir
How do I use the wet bonding technique with total-etch adhesives?
The best technique to leave the dentin moist is to either suction excess water with HVE or blot exce
Does my adhesive need to be radiopaque?
Radiopacity is only required if the film thickness of the adhesive layer is greater than 20-25 micro
How do I avoid sensitivity in my resin-based composites?
Post-operative sensitivity may be caused by incorrect bonding techniques, but has become less signif
The all-in-one adhesive that can be used for everything: does it exist?
Yes, the “universal” category of adhesives (not to be confused with 7th Generation “All-in-One” adhe
When should I use the total-etch and self-etch techniques?
In general, research has shown that the total-etch (etch-and-rinse) technique is ideal for enamel bo
What are MMPs and how do I inhibit them?
MMPs are Matrix Metalloproteinases, inactive enzymes in dentin that are activated by acid, and degra
Why can’t you use UNIVERSAL adhesives instead of a pure silane?
The reason that silane is not effective in universal adhesive systems is because Bis-GMA and other r